Description
In 1808, according to a report to Congress issued by Jefferson's treasury secretary Albert Gallatin, the most efficient way to ship goods from Pittsburgh to Philadelphia was by water: down the Monongahela River to the Ohio, then down the Mississippi to New Orleans, around the tip of Florida and up the Atlantic Coast. By this route, the two Pennsylvania towns were more than 3,000 miles apart; by land, the distance was 280. Clearly, Gallatin argued, the United States needed a road -- a National Road. This comprehensive, authoritative, and richly illustrated volume offers a sweeping overview of the project that shaped the geography and history of the United States by uniting East and West -- and, ultimately, dividing North and South. With its companion volume, A Guide to the National Road, it describes the origins, evolution, and meaning of the National Road for American culture, economics, and patterns of settlement. As the first federally funded and planned national highway in America, the National Road was intended to forge critical transportation links between established East Coast cities and an emerging frontier west of the Appalachians, in the old Northwest Territory. Begun in 1808 in Cumberland, Maryland, the Road's first segment reached Wheeling, West Virginia, in 1818. By 1850 the Road had been extended to its formal western terminus in Vandalia, the Illinois state capital. From there two routes went west toward the Mississippi River, one to East St. Louis and the other to Alton, Illinois. (Today the Road's path is followed, for the most part, by U.S. 40 and I-70.) Paradoxically, the authors explain, the National Road was both obsolete and premature from the time it was built -- obsolete because the emerging technology of the railroad would soon offer a far more efficient means of overland transportation; and premature because the technology that could make efficient use of an improved road network -- the automobile -- was nearly a century away. In the end, the Road never quite reached the banks of the Mississippi, and never, in the period between 1808 and 1850, did a good road, complete and in good repair, exist between Cumberland and Vandalia. But in the antebellum period, the Road represented the central government's power to open the West, and the power of nineteenth-century Americans to define themselves as a continental people. Travelers who follow their path today -- along the National Road or other U.S. highways -- owe much to their pioneering efforts.
