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HEMTs and HBTs (Hardcover: 392 pages)

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Product Details: HEMTs and HBTs

Editor:Aditya Gupta
Preface by:Fazal Ali
Author:Gupta Ali
Format:Hardcover: 392 pages.
Publisher:Artech House Inc (02/01/1991)
ISBN:0890064016
ISBN13:9780890064016
Reading Level:

Publisher Notes: HEMTs and HBTs

  •   Prefacexi

    Chapter 1 HEMTs and HBTs: Introduction and Overview
       by Fazal Ali, Aditya Gupta
    1

    1.1 Introduction1

    1.2 High Electron Mobility Transistors (HEMTs)3

    1.3 Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs)5

    1.4 Summary8

    Chapter 2 HEMT Device Physics and Models
       by Mukunda B. Das
    11

    2.1 Introduction11

    2.2 Carrier Transport in the HEMT Structure13

    2.2.1 Band Diagram and 2-DEG in AlGaAs/GaAs Systems14

    2.2.2 2-DEG Carrier Mobility and Saturation Velocity18

    2.2.3 2-DEG Charge-Control by Schottky Barrier Gate22

    2.2.4 Ohmic Contacts and Series Resistances26

    2.3 The Charge-Control Model29

    2.3.1 dc and Small-Signal Characteristics29

    2.3.2 Temperature Stability of Device Operation36

    2.3.3 Low-Frequency (LF) Equivalent Network Model39

    2.3.4 The Unity-Current-Gain Frequency44

    2.3.5 Low-Frequency 1/f and g-r Noise Sources47

    2.4 High-Frequency (HF) Limitations51

    2.4.1 HF Equivalent Network for the Intrinsic HEMT52

    2.4.2 Determination of Equivalent Network Parameters57

    2.4.3 Power Gain and Stability61

    2.4.4 HF Noise Sources and Performance of HEMTs63

    Chapter 3 HEMT Devices and Circuit Applications
       by P.C. Chao, Alan Swanson, April Brown, Umesh Mishra, Fazal Ali, Cindy Yuen
    77

    3.1 Introduction77

    3.2 GaAs-Based Conventional HEMT77

    3.2.1 Material Considerations79

    3.2.2 Device Fabrication84

    3.2.3 dc and RF Performance91

    3.2.4 Outlook99

    3.3 GaAs-Based Pseudomorphic HEMT103

    3.3.1 Material Structure103

    3.3.2 Applications of Pseudomorphic HEMTs111

    3.4 InP-Based Pseudomorphic HEMT123

    3.4.1 Introduction123

    3.4.2 Material Properties and Growth124

    3.4.3 Device Fabrication and Performance134

    3.4.4 Circuit Performance143

    3.5 HEMT Analog Circuit Applications148

    3.5.1 Introduction148

    3.5.2 HEMT Low-Noise Amplifiers148

    3.5.3 HEMT Wideband Amplifiers150

    3.5.4 HEMT Power Amplifiers159

    3.5.5 HEMT Control Circuits163

    3.5.6 HEMT Mixers and Converters168

    3.5.7 HEMT Oscillators174

    3.5.8 HEMT Frequency Doublers175

    3.5.9 Device Testing177

    3.5.10 Conclusion182

    3.6 HEMT Reliability184

    3.6.1 Reliability Testing of Low-Noise HEMTs184

    3.6.2 Reliability of Low-Noise HEMTs186

    3.6.3 Summary188

    Chapter 4 HBT Device Physics and Models
       by Mukunda B. Das
    191

    4.1 Introduction191

    4.2 Carrier Transport in HBT Structures195

    4.2.1 Band Diagram and Current Transport196

    4.2.2 Recombination Processes200

    4.2.3 Drift, Diffusion, and Saturation Velocity202

    4.2.4 Ohmic Contacts and Series Resistances204

    4.3 The Charge-Control Model206

    4.3.1 dc and Small-Signal Characteristics207

    4.3.2 LF Equivalent Network Model and Unity Current Gain Frequency212

    4.3.3 The Switching Limitations215

    4.3.4 Low-Frequency 1/f Noise and g-r Noise Sources219

    4.4 High Frequency Limitations224

    4.4.1 HF Two-port Parameters and Equivalent Network Model224

    4.4.2 Determination of the Equivalent Network Parameters228

    4.4.3 Power Gain and Stability234

    4.4.4 HF Noise Sources and Noise Figures236

    4.4.5 Power Density Limitations of HBTs241

    4.4.6 Comparison of HBTs and HEMTs246

    Chapter 5 HBT Devices and Circuit Applications
       by Michael E. Kim, Burhan Bayraktaroglu, Aditya Gupta
    253

    5.1 Introduction253

    5.1.1 Comparison with GaAs MESFET and HEMT257

    5.1.2 Comparison with Advanced Silicon Bipolar Transistor258

    5.2 Device Structure260

    5.2.1 Epitaxial Layer Growth266

    5.2.2 Emitter-up versus Collector-up269

    5.3 HBT Fabrication Technology270

    5.3.1 Self-Aligned Contacts274

    5.3.2 Planar Structures276

    5.3.3 Representative HBT IC Process278

    5.4 Technology Characterization281

    5.4.1 HBT dc Characteristics282

    5.4.2 HBT High-Frequency Characteristics286

    5.4.3 Intrinsic HBT Linearity287

    5.4.4 Intrinsic HBT Nonlinearity287

    5.4.5 HBT Noise Performance290

    5.4.6 Schottky Diode Characteristics291

    5.4.7 Thin-Film Resistors291

    5.4.8 Metal-Insulator-Metal (MIM) Capacitors292

    5.4.9 HBT Device Modeling and Simulation292

    5.4.10 Technology Qualification292

    5.5 Power HBT Design Considerations301

    5.5.1 Collector Design301

    5.5.2 Device Impedance302

    5.5.3 Size Considerations304

    5.5.4 Thermal Considerations307

    5.5.5 HBT Scaling311

    5.5.6 HBT Monolithic Amplifiers316

    5.5.7 HBT Complementary Amplifiers318

    5.6 Circuit Applications322

    5.6.1 Analog and Microwave Applications328

    5.6.2 Microwave Oscillators333

    5.6.3 Digital Applications341

    5.6.4 Analog-to-Digital Conversion Applications345

    5.6.5 Monolithically Combined Microwave-Digital Applications352

    5.7 InP-Based HBT354

    5.8 Reliability361

      Index371

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